Automatic firearm



ay 2, 1933. r A MAREK LQUQQQ AUTOMATIC FIREARM Filed June 16, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 ATTORNEYS May 2, 1933. MAREK 1,906,800

AUTOMATIC FIREARM Filed June 16, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Fig. 6

I NVENTOR I 9 mareK ATTORNEYJ,

Patented May 2, 1933 UNITED" STATES Last ATET

ANTON MAREK, F VI ENNA, AUSTRIA, AS$IGNOR TO THE FIRM fIESKOSLOVENSKA ZBROJOVKA AKGIOVA SPOLENOS'I V ERNIE, OF BRUNN, GZECHOSLOVAKIA.

AUTOMATIC FIREARM Application filed Tl'une 16, 1931, Serial No. 544,843, and in Czechoslovakia June 30, 1930.

This invention relates to automatic firearms with sliding barrel of the type in which accelerated backward movement is imparted to the breechmechanism by means 35 of an impelling device after the disengage-.

In the.

ment of the breech from the barrel. hitherto known firearms of this type the accelerated backward movement of the breech mechanism is started suddenly, with the :0 result that jolts and shocks are set up which impair the precision, produce deformations, and in many cases even cause fractures of parts of these firearms. The sudden acceleration also implies a rapid wearing of the controlling parts of the mechanism effecting this acceleration. The known types of firearms embodyingimpelling devices in which certain parts are resilient are open to the same objections, even if to a slighter .20 extent.

The present invention has for its object to obviate entirely the occurrence of shocks and joltsyand the further disadvantages in curred thereby in firearms with mechanical- '25 ly accelerated movement of the breech mechanism, this result being achieved, in accordance with the invention, by providing the impelling devicewith controlling and actuating means adapted to impart to f the breech mechanism a backward movement in relation to the barrel, the velocity of which movement is increased from nought.

One example of the carrying out, of the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which v Fig. 1 shows the middle portion of a rifle with the parts of the mechanism in the position of rest, in longitudinal section.

Figs. 2 and 3 show the impelling'lever of the impelling device, in front elevation (Fig. 3) and in side elevation (Fig. 2) as seen from left to right of Fig. 3.

Fig. 4 shows the bearing seating for the impelling lever, in longitudinal section.

Fig. 5 shows a section taken on the line VV-of Fig. 41.

Figs. 6v and 7 show the impelling device, in longitudinal section, in two different positions. I

Fig. 8 shows graphically the movement set up by the impelling device.

Referring'to Fig.1, 1 denotes the sliding barrel; the rear guide for the barrel is denoted by 3.. The barrel 1 is attached with its rear end to a casing 6 between the lateral walls 10, 41 of which the breech mechanism w is situated. The breech mechanism 00 consists essentially. of a breech carrier 10 slid ingly mounted in guides in the casing 6, and

.of a breech 12 which is adapted to rock-to and from the breech carrier, and which is fitted with the striking pin 13 and with the cartridge-extractor.- The breech 12-is provided with a locking projection or catch 17 which cooperates with a locking surface 18 connected to and adapted to move with'the barrel 1. In the constructional example shownin the drawings, the locking surface 18 is provided on the casing 6. r The refer- Y ence characters 19 and'20 denote controlling means provided on the breech carrier 10 and on the breech 12, which means, on cooperating, effect the rocking of the breech towards the breech carrier, andthereby the unlocking or disengagement of the parts 17 and 18. The reference characters 22 and 23 denote controlling means provided on the breech carrier 10 andon the breech 12,'which means,

on the closing ofthe breech, eilect the rocking of the same away from the breech carrier and the engagement of the locking members 17 and 18.

The firearm is provided with an impelling device 3 which is, adaptedto impart an accelerated backward movement to the breech mechanism a: after the disengagement of the latter from-the barrel. In accordance with the invention the impelling device is provided with controlling means 30 and 31 he latter being provided on the breech carrier 10; these controlling surfaces are so shaped and cooperate in such a manner that their resultant operating curve A: (see Fig. 8) starts at a point at which there is no relativ e movement between the breech mechanism and he barrel.

The resulting curve of operation is denoted by in the graphic representation given in Fi 8. The y-axis relates to the movement or the barrel, and the w-axis to the accelerated movement oi. the breech mechanism in excess of that of the barrel. As can be seen from Fig. 8 the resulting curve of operation A: starts at the point 0, that is to say at a point at which the acceleration is also nought. The resulting curve of operation is diverges gradually and increasingly away from the g -axis starting from the point 0, thus implying that the acceleration starts at nought, and gradually and constantly increases.

The impelling member 33 consists in the constructional example shown in the drawings, of a two-armed lever the axis of rotation of which is denoted by As can be seen from the drawings, the controlling or actuating surface 30 provided on the impelling lever 33 begins at the center of rotation 35 of the impelling lever hilOIGOVGT, the controlling surface 31 provided on the breech mechanism touches the controlling surface 30 of the impelling lever in the axis oi rotation 35 of the latter, both in the position of rest and until the coinnieiutelnent of the accelerated backward movement (see 6).

The impelling lever 33 is constructed with two arms. ()11 the one of these arms the controlling surface 30 is provided. The second arm 36 of this lever is adapted to cooperate with a fixed surface 37 in the performance ot' its controlling or actuating function.

The impelling device 7 is disposed beneath the barrel and between the downwardly projecting side walls 46, 411 of the casing 6. The bearing seatings for the im 'ielling lever 33 are provided in these side walls 10, 41. The bearing parts provided on the impelling lever 33 and on the side walls 410, 41 are provided with recesses or cnt-ont portions of such shape that the impelling lever 33 can be inserted and removed from between the rigid side walls 40 and 11. In the constructional example shown the impelling lever is provided at both sides with segment-shaped annular projections 43 havmg their center at The bearing parts on the side walls 40, ll consist of segmentshaped annular grooves 44 the center of which likewise coincides with the point lVhen the impelling lever 33 is inserted in position, the annular projections 13 slide in the grooves 1 1, so that the iinpelling lever 33 rocks about the imaginary pivot-point Instead of being mounted in the above-described manner the inipelling lever can also be mounted in the side walls 40, 4.1 by means of pins and pin-holes. In this case, however, the entire structure involved must be made wider, in order to ensure a good connection of the bearing parts (e. g. pins) with the inipelling lever.

The iinpelling device 3 is in the present example combined with a braking device .2 which serves for the braking and returning of the barrel into the position of rest. This braking device 2 consists of an arrangement of parts 2 for braking and returning the barrel, and oi an arrangement of parts .2" for damping the reflex movements of the sliding barrel set up by the restoring force and extending beyond the position of rest. In the example shown the braking device is linked up with the impelling lever The impelling lever 33 is provided with a slot 50 traversed by a transverse pin 51 which is engaged by the hook-shaped end 53 of a rod 53 the other end 53 of which isarticnlated by means of a joint 55 to an auxiliary piston 56. i The braking spring 58 bears with its ends against two pistons 60, 61 arranged within a stationary cylinder 59. The piston 61 is constructed as a. braking piston, and is fitted with a slotted spring braking ring 62 which is under compression in the cylinder, and thus presses against the inner surface of this cylinder 59 for the purpose of damping the reflex movements. The pistons 60, 61 are arranged between fixed stops 63, 6 1 on the cylinder, and

in addition are themselves provided with stops 66, 67, of which the stop 66 cooperates with the auxiliary piston 56, and the stop 67 with the part 42 of the casing 6.

The point of attachment 51 of the braking device .2 to the impelling lever is so located, in the constructional example shown in the drawings, that, with the impelling lever in the posit-ion of rest, the line joining the point of attachment 51 and the axis of rotation 53 lies in the direction of the braking or of the restoring force. In the example shown, when the parts concerned are in the position of rest, the points 55, 51', and 53 lie in one line. In this manner the brake is caused to be supplelnentarily loaded, during the iinpelling movement of the impelling lever, this supplementary straining of the brake spring being initiated not suddenly, but gradually and starting from nought.

In the position of rest the parts occupy the positions inwhich they are shown in Figs. 1 and 6. The controlling surfaces 30, 31 are in contact with each other in the axis of rotation 35 of the impelling lever 33; thebraking devices is likewise at rest, the pistons 60, 61 being in contact with the fixed steps 63, 64, while the auxiliary piston 56 ton 56 is likewise drawn in the direction of the arrow 3 by the tension rod 53, and takes the piston 60' along with it, so that the spring 58 is caused to exercise its-braking action. Up to the moment at which the surface 36 on the impelling levercomes'in' contact with the fixed counter-surface 37, the parts 1, '6, a0, and'g do not altervth eir respective relative positions; From the moment at which the surfaces 36' and 37 come together on, a supplementary backward movement starting at nought and gradually increasing in velocity is imparted to the breech carrier 10'. This accelerated movement, since the controlling thereof starts at the imaginary pivot point 35 ofthe impelling lever 33, does actually commence at a velocity nought, and then gradually increases invelocit-y as shown inithe diagram in Fig. 8. The stop surface 36 "rolls around the stop surface 37, and thus rocks the impelling lever 33 which in its turn, through the cooperation of its" controlling surface 30 with the controlling surface 31 on the breech carrier 10, jerks back the l-atter with an evenly accelerated movement. The backward movement of the barrel in the direction of the arrow 12, and the subsequent rotating movement oftheimpelling lever 33 are braked by the increasingly compressed spring 58, this spring 58 finally-causing the barrel and the impelling lever to be bro'ught back into their initial positions; The breech carrier 10, which is thus moved with "additional velocity in the direction ofthe arrow p, etfects,=-'through the cooperation of'its oblique controlling surface 19 with the controlling surface20, the disengagement of the interlocked parts 17, 18, since the breech 12 is thereby caused to rock towards the breech carrier 10, thus bringing the catch 17 out of engagement with the locking shoulder 18. After the disengagement of: the parts 17, 18, the-breech carrier10 takes the released breech 12 along with it in the 'direction of the arrow p, until the breech action m, which is in a known manner under the action of a retracting spring, has reached the cooked position; I I c After the braking of the barrel 1 and of the impelling lever 33, the compressed spring 58, as already mentioned, causes the barrel and the impelling lever to be reface 36 again rolling along thefixed stop surface 37. As soon as the surface 34' on the impelling lever comes in contact with the front wall-42 of the casing'6, thenbarrel 1 force of thecompressed spring 58. On the attainment ofithe position of rest thefront wall 42 comesriip against the stop-67 on the braking piston 61. At the same instant the :(lamping device 2'. comes into "action, damp ing the reflex movements of the barrel 1 extending beyond the position of rest, and

then bringing the barrel with the casing-6 finally-into the position of rest.- During the damping of. the reflex movements the piston 60, iniconsequence'of its contact "withithe. *fixed stop 63, remains at rest, while the auxiliary piston 56 detaches itself from the stop-66 -and,.independently of thefpiston 60,

travels quite unchecked first in the direction of the arrow 9 and then in that-of the arrow v After the: damping ofthe reflex move- .ments', the barrel '1, the casing -6, the impelling lever 33, and the braking devices assume-their respective positions of rest in which they are shown in'Fig. 1.

The vabove-described automatic firearm ,is characterized by very great precision and long life, since, in consequence of the setting up of the accelerated; movements of the breech action with aprogressively increas- "ing velocity starting from nought and of the gradually initiated additional loading of thebrakingspring by the impelling 'deand the moving parts areprotected-from wear and damage to the greatest possible rextenti' The construction described herein and illustrated in the accompanying drawings represents only one example of the andthe casing 6- are returned with the full 70 vice, shocks-and jolts are entirely obviated,

sign,,since they do'not-wa'fiect' or form any.

essential part of thevpresen t invention. I claim':

,controllingsurface beginning at the axis'of rotation of saidlever. H j v i 2. In an automatic firearm as claimed in claim :1, a controllingsurface on the said breech mechanism adapted, inhthe position of rest of the said firearm, and. until the commencement of the said accelerated movement ofQthe said impelling member, to

touch' 'the saidpontrolling surface on the "1; In an automatic firearmfa slidingbarrotation, and the said impelling devicebeing disposed beneath the axis of the said barrel.

'4. In an automatic firearm as claimed in i in claim 1, the combination wlth the said claim 1, a casing attached to the said barrel, side Walls on the said casing, said impelling lever being mounted between. the said side walls and adapted to rotate'about animaginary axis of rotation, and a controlling surfaceon the-said breech 'mechanism, the said controlling surfaces being adapted to cooperate, and the said impelling device heing disposed beneath the axis of the said barrelL 5. In an automatic firearm as claimed in claim 1, a casing attached to the said barrel, side Walls on the said casing, bearing parts on the said side Wallsand lever, recesses in the said bearing parts adapted to enable the said lever to be inserted between the said side walls and to be rotatable about an imaginary axis of rotatiolnand a controlling surface on the said breech mechanism, the

said controlling surfacesbeing adapted to.

"engage in the said grooves, for the purpose of enabling the said lever to be inserted between the said side Walls and to be rotatable therebetween about an imaginary axis of rotation, and a controlling surf'ace onthe said breech mechanism, the said controlling surfaces being adapted to cooperate, and the said impelling device being disposed beneath the axis of the said barrel. i

7. In an automatic firearm as claimed in claim 1 the combination with the said impelling lever of a device adapted to exercise a braking action upon the movement of the said barrel and to return the said barrel into the position of rest.

8. In an automatic firearm as claimed in claim 1 the combination with the said impelling lever of a braking device comprising an arrangement of parts adapted to brake and to return the said barreland means for damping the reflex movements of the sliding barrel produced by the restoring force and going beyond the said position of rest. a

9. In an automatic firearm as claimed in claim 1, the combination with said impelling lever of a device adapted to exercise a position of rest, means forconneeting the sand mpelling device to the sa1d braking device and for enabling the said braking device to be additionally strained during the impelling movement otthesaid impelling lever. a v

10. In an automatic firearm as claimed impelling lover of a braking device comprising means for braking and returning the said barrel and means for damping the reflex movements of thesaid sliding barrel produced bythe restoring force and going beyond the said position of rest, means for connecting the saidimpelling lever tothe said brakingdevice and for enabling the said braking device to be additionally strained during the impelling movement of thesaid impelling lever, the said braking device being, attached to thesaid impelling lever through articulating ;means on the saidi'mpelling lever. I

11; In an automatic firearm as claimed in claim 1, the combination With the said impelling device of a braking device com; prising means for braking andreturning the said barrel and neans for damping the reflex movements of the said sliding barrel produced by the restoring force and going beyond the said position of rest, means for connecting the said impelling lever to the said braking device and for enabling the said braking device to be additionally strained during the impelling movement of the said impelling lever, the said braking device being attached to the said impelling lever through articulating means on the said impelling lever, the said articulating means being so disposed in relation to the position of the said axis of rotation of the said impelling lever that the line joining the point of attachment of the said means to the said impelling lever With the said axis of rotation lies substantially parallel to the direction of the braking and of the restoring force.

12. In an automatic firearm as claimed in claim 1, the combination with the said impelling lever of a braking device comprising means for braking and returning the said barrel-and means for damping the refiex movements of the said sliding barrel produced by the restoring force and going beyond the said position of rest, means for connecting the said impelling lever to the said braking device and for enabling the said braking device to be additionally strained during the impelling movement of l braking action :upon the :movement of said barrel and'toreturn said barrel into the ling lever being located within, the said recess.

13. An automatic firearm according to claim 1, characterized in that said impelling lever is provided with two arms, one arm having a surface cooperating with a fixed rolling-01f surface and the other arm being provided with said controlling surface.

14. In an automatic firearm as claimed in claim 1, a casing attached to said barrel and having side walls provided with segment-shaped grooves, and segment-shaped bearing members on said lever engaging in said grooves and permitting interchanging of said lever.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

ANTON MAREK. 

